Court of Justice 19 October 2017, Case C-231/16: Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 19 October 2017 (request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Hamburg — Germany) — Merck KGaA v Merck & Co. Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH (Reference for a preliminary ruling — Regulation (EC) No 207/2009 — EU trade mark — Article 109(1) — Civil actions on the basis of EU trade marks and national trade marks — Lis pendens — Meaning of ‘same cause of action’ — Use of the name ‘Merck’ on the internet in domain names and on social media platforms — One action based on a national trade mark followed by another based on an EU trade mark — Disclaimer of jurisdiction — Scope)

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