Court of Justice 11 April 2019, C-208/18 (Jana Petruchová v FIBO Group Holdings Limited.)

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The Advocate General's opinion addresses whether an individual trading on the FOREX market can be classified as a "consumer" under Article 17(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 (the Brussels I Regulation). The opinion argues that the classification should focus on the purpose of the contract rather than the individual's expertise or the complexity of the transaction, suggesting that the existing legal framework does not exclude financial instruments from consumer protection. Ultimately, the opinion emphasizes the need for a consistent interpretation of consumer status across jurisdictions, which could affect the validity of jurisdiction clauses in contracts.AI