Court of Justice 24 March 2026, Case C-521/21, Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich (Recusal of a judge of an ordinary court): Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 24 March 2026 (request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy Poznań-Stare Miasto w Poznaniu – Poland) – MJ v AA (Reference for a preliminary ruling – Rule of law – Effective legal protection in the fields covered by EU law – Judicial independence – Second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU – Second paragraph of Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – National legislation and case-law prohibiting national courts from calling into question the legitimacy of constitutional courts and bodies or from establishing or assessing the lawfulness of the appointment of judges or of their judicial powers – Obligation for a judge hearing an application for the recusal of another judge to ascertain whether the requirement of a tribunal previously established by law has been met – Appointment of judges of the ordinary courts ...

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