Court of Justice 22 May 2025, Case C-621/23 P: Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 22 May 2025 – Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara v Commission (Appeal – Environment – Directive 2003/87/EC – System for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the European Union – Free allocation of allowances – Article 10a(1) – Concept of substitutes – National implementing measures – Article 11(1) – Lists of installations covered by Directive 2003/87 submitted to the European Commission by the Member States – Decision (EU) 2021/355 – Proposal of the Member State concerned to cover by a benchmark for sintered ore a sub-installation producing iron ore pellets – Rejection decision – Establishment of benchmarks by the Commission – General objective of incentivising the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions – No obligation of result – Article 296 TFEU – Obligation to state reasons for decisions of the EU institutions)

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