Court of Justice 5 June 2025, Case C-749/23, innogy Energie: Judgment of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 5 June 2025 (request for a preliminary ruling from the Okresní soud v Teplicích – Czech Republic) – innogy Energie s.r.o. v QS (Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Directive 93/13/EEC – Unfair terms in consumer contracts – Articles 3, 5, 7 and the Annex, point 1(e) – Fixed-term electricity supply contracts – Term imposing a contractual penalty where payment is not made – Whether the amount of the penalty is proportionate – Whether the terms are in plain, intelligible language – Directive (EU) 2019/944 – Inapplicability)

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