Court of Justice (Grand Chamber) 1 August 2025, C-544/23 (T.T. and BAJI Trans, s.r. o. v Národný inšpektorát práce.)

JUDGMENT OF THE COURT (Grand Chamber) 1 August 2025 ( *1 ) (Reference for a preliminary ruling – Regulations (EEC) No 3821/85 and (EU) No 165/2014 – Obligation periodically to inspect tachographs – Exemption – Last sentence of Article 49(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and Article 51(1) thereof – Principle lex posterior mitius – Administrative penalties of a criminal