Protocol to the Convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms (Protocol 1 ECHR)

Also known as

This Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, concluded at Paris on 20 March 1952, extends the Convention's collective enforcement framework by establishing three substantive rights: the right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions (subject to State powers of control, taxation, and deprivation in the public interest), the right to education (with parental rights regarding religious and philosophical convictions), and the right to free elections by secret ballot at reasonable intervals. The Protocol's provisions are deemed additional Articles to the Convention, rendering all Convention mechanisms applicable thereto. It entered into force upon deposit of ten instruments of ratification with the Secretary-General of the Council of Europe, with territorial application subject to declaration by the High Contracting Parties.AI