California Supreme Court November 30, 1889, Nos. 13349; 13460; 13461 (People ex rel. Graves v. McFadden)

Fox, J.

All of these cases involve, so far as the merits are concerned, precisely the same questions, and are *491brought to accomplish the same end, and for the same relief; the three actions being brought to meet a doubtful question as to who were the proper parties defendant, under the circumstances, to an action brought for that purpose.