Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit February 13, 1900, No. 1,166 (Edwards v. Bates County)

SANBORN, Circuit Judge.

There is no principle of law or of equity more essential to the protection of the life, liberty, and property of the citizen than the established rule which prohibits the receipt of evidence of the statements of strangers, whether verbal or written, to determine the issues between, and to establish the rights of, the parties to an action.