U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Utah June 24, 1911, No. 993 (United States v. Union Pac. R.)

lead-opinion

ADAMS, Circuit Judge

(after stating the facts as above). [ 1 ] To bring any transaction within the condemnation of the first section of the anti-trust law, it must be a contract, combination, or conspiracy in restraint of interstate or international commerce. This restraint *110must be substantial in character and the direct and immediate effect of -the transaction complained of.