District Court, E.D. Pennsylvania September 2, 1915, No. 3638 (Shaffer v. Federal Cement Co.)

DICKINSON, District Judge.-

[1] This is in substance an action of debt. In any such actions, one or both of two questions may arise, which in a sense are merged into one. The two questions are: The one, does the defendant owe the claimed debt? The other, does he owe it to the plaintiff? The merger results in the query: What, if anything, does he owe the plaintiff?