Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit August 23, 1988, 87-1004 (Harlan L. Jacobsen, D/B/A Solo Rfd and Single Scene v. Pete Crivaro, Mayor of City of Des Moines, Iowa, City of Des Moines, Iowa)

MAGILL, Circuit Judge.

I. INTRODUCTION

Harlan L. Jacobsen (Jacobsen), a newspaper publisher, appeals the district court’s

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refusal to enjoin enforcement of local ordinances regulating the size and placement of newspaper vending machines (news-racks), and providing for a $10.00 annual licensing fee per newsrack, which Jacobsen claims violates his First Amendment rights.