Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit March 29, 1989, Nos. 87-1801, 87-1931, 88-2509 and 87-2922 (Kim v. Fujikawa)

TROTT, Circuit Judge:

These cases, consolidated for purposes of appeal, involve several issues arising from actions against a fiduciary of employee benefit plans who violated the prohibited transaction provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”), 29 U.S.C. § 1001, et seq., by transferring assets for the benefit of, and to, parties in interest.