Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit August 25, 1997, 95-56758, 96-55560 (Clint Eastwood v. National Enquirer, Inc., Clint Eastwood v. National Enquirer, Inc.)

KOZINSKI, Circuit Judge.

Did defendant falsely represent that plaintiff had given it an interview? Or did it avoid learning that the purported interview was a fabrication? And was the jury right in finding “actual malice”?

Enquiring judges want to know.

On December 21, 1993, the front page of the

National Enquirer

touted an “Exclusive Interview” with Clint Eastwood.

See

Figure 1.