Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit May 27, 1999, Docket No. 97-6182 (City of New York v. United States)

WINTER, Chief Judge:

The City of New York prohibits its employees from voluntarily providing federal immigration authorities with information concerning the immigration status of any alien. In 1996, Congress passed Section 434 of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (“Welfare Reform Act”), Pub.L. No. 104-193, 110 Stat.