United States Bankruptcy Court, N.D. California July 19, 2000, 16-30642 (Universal Bank, N.A. v. Marvel (In Re Marvel))

Memorandum re Sanctions

ALAN JAROSLOVSKY, Bankruptcy Judge.

I. Introduction

Low- and middle-income debtors who are sued by credit card issuers over dis-chargeability do not face an even playing field. Such creditors are required to show actual fraud before they are entitled to judgment. However, a debtor who wishes to stand on his rights risks disaster if he or she loses the case.