Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit February 28, 2000, 98-3807 (Sound Check, Inc. v. American Federation of Television and Radio Artists)

LOKEN, Circuit Judge.

The American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (“AFTRA”) is a national labor union representing radio and television performers. Advertising agencies and production companies — referred to in this case as producers — hire AFTRA members to make radio and television commercials.