Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York October 17, 2012 (People v. Hurdle)

“Selection procedures that purposefully exclude black persons from juries undermine public confidence in the fairness of our system of justice” (Batson v Kentucky, 476 US 79, 87 [1986]). “The Batson framework is designed to produce actual answers to suspicions and inferences that discrimination may have infected the jury selection process” (Johnson v California, 545 US 162, 172 [2005]).