Court of Appeals for the First Circuit May 16, 2012, 08-1547 (United States v. Valdivia)

LIPEZ, Circuit Judge,

concurring.

Bound by the precedents of our circuit, my colleagues and I must affirm the ruling of the trial court that Special Agent Carpio’s testimony about the cell phone practices of drug traffickers was lay opinion testimony admissible under Rule 701, rather than expert testimony governed by Rule 702.