District Court, D. Maryland September 2, 2015, Case No. PWG-14-111 (Intellectual Ventures I LLC v. Capital One Financial Corp.)

MEMORANDUM OPINION

PAUL W. GRIMM, District Judge.

This patent litigation concerns four patents 1 that Plaintiffs/Counter-Defendants *509Intellectual Ventures I LLC and Intellectual Ventures II LLC (together, “Intellectual Ventures companies” or “IV”) own and claim Defendants/Counterclaimants Capital One Financial Corp., Capital One Bank (USA), N.A., and Capital One, N.A.