Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit April 12, 2017, 16-1832 (Phillips v. UAW International)

McKEAGUE, J., delivered the opinion of the court in which COOK, J., joined. MERRITT, J. (pp. 328-29; app. 329-32), delivered a separate dissenting opinion.

OPINION

McKEAGUE, Circuit Judge.

Samuel Gompers, founder of the AFL, wrote that “[wjherever trade unions are most firmly organized, there are the rights of the people most respected.” Samuel L. Gompers, Labor anb the Common Welfare (1919).